What can the patient do to stop a hematoma from spreading as soon as it appears?

Applying ice to the area is an effective way to stop a hematoma from spreading as soon as it appears. The cold temperature from the ice helps to constrict blood vessels, which can reduce blood flow to the area and minimize swelling and bruising. This immediate application also alleviates pain and can help to control inflammation, preventing the hematoma from becoming larger.

In contrast, massaging the area would stimulate circulation, which could exacerbate the bleeding and swelling. Applying heat is contraindicated in the initial stages of a hematoma, as it would cause blood vessels to dilate, potentially increasing the spread of the hematoma. Finally, while restricting jaw movement might provide some benefit in cases of discomfort or to prevent further injury, it does not directly affect the hematoma itself or limit its expansion.