What is an effect of overdose from local anesthetics?

An overdose of local anesthetics can lead to a characteristic pattern of central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Initially, CNS excitation occurs, which may manifest as symptoms such as restlessness, tremors, or seizures. This stage is due to the overexcitation of neuronal activity caused by the influx of sodium ions that local anesthetics induce when their blood levels exceed the therapeutic range.

Following the initial excitement, there is a transition to CNS depression, which can result in symptoms such as drowsiness, loss of consciousness, and respiratory depression. This biphasic response is a hallmark of local anesthetic toxicity.

Understanding this progression is essential for dental professionals, as it highlights the potential seriousness of overdosing on local anesthetics and underscores the importance of monitoring dosages carefully during procedures.